Automation vs. Robotics: What are the Key Differences?
Most manufacturers have a mix of automated and robotic technologies on the plant floor. While both solutions will cut costs, increase capacity and improve quality and safety, automation and robotics are not the same so the terms should not be used interchangeably. This blog will explain the key differences and how each technology is applied.
Automation vs. Robotics: Key Differences at a Glance
Robotics is a form of automation, but not all automation includes robots.
The main differences between automated equipment and robotics are flexibility and programmability. An “automated machine” is typically built for one specific, repetitive task. A “robot” is a specialized and sophisticated form of automation that offers flexible movement and can be reprogrammed to perform many different tasks.
The table below will compare the two technologies.
| Feature | Simple Automation (Automatic Machine) | Robotics (Industrial Robot) |
| Primary function | Performs a specific, repetitive task in response to a signal. | Performs complex, programmable sequences of tasks. |
| Flexibility | Fixed: Designed for one job. | Highly flexible: Can be reprogrammed for different parts or tasks. |
| Complexity | Simple: For example, a pneumatic cylinder responds to sensor input. | Complex: For example, a 6-axis arm with advanced sensors and “if/then” logic. |
| Example | A pneumatic press that stamps a part when a sensor detects the part. | A 6-axis robot that picks up a part, presents it to a vision system, places it in a CNC machine and then palletizes it. |
What is Automation?
Definition: Automation refers to having a machine or mechanism perform an action that would otherwise require human involvement.
How it works: The action is usually initiated by a controller in response to a signal or input, such as from a sensor or timer.
Key characteristic: The core of simple automation is repetitive motion – it performs the same action, in the same direction, at the same speed, every time.
Examples of automation (that are not robots):
- A level switch on a tank that automatically runs a pump to fill it and stops when the tank is full.
- Pneumatic cylinders on a conveyor that move a gate to divert products.
- A bottle filling and capping machine that automatically dispenses liquid and applies a cap.
- Laser marking equipment that automatically applies codes as parts move past.
What is Robotics?
Definition: Robotics is a specific and often more sophisticated type of automation. A robot is a programmable mechanism where the axes move in a sequence and at a speed dictated by its program.
Key characteristics:
- Reprogrammable: A robot’s motion sequence can be changed. For example, a pick-and-place robot can be reprogrammed to handle different parts or move them to a different location.
- Flexible movement: Articulated robots, such as 5- or 6-axis robot arms, can move through space in a way that is not constrained by rigid axes.
- Advanced controls: Robots often use multiple sensors and advanced control systems that allow for “if/then” branching and decision making.
Examples of industrial robots:
- Articulated robots (6-axis robots): The classic robot arm used for complex tasks like painting, welding or palletizing.
- Delta robots: Spider-like robots used for high-speed pick-and-place motions over a conveyor.
- Gantry robots: Three-axis systems used to cut, lift and stack large sheet materials.
- Collaborative robots (cobots): A newer class of robots designed to safely work alongside humans without protective cages.
Why Manufacturers Use Automation and Robotics
Whether using simple automation, robots or cobots, manufacturers who employ these technologies experience several significant benefits.
Improved safety and morale: These technologies eliminate repetitive manual tasks, removing human workers from dirty, dangerous and boring jobs.
Increased throughput: Once a task is automated, it can run 24/7 through breaks, nights and weekends, increasing volume and overhead dilution.
Enhanced quality: Human workers can get bored or distracted when performing repetitive tasks, resulting in defects, waste and accidents. An automated solution or robot performs the tasks exactly the same way every time, improving finished product quality and cutting costs.
Find the Right Solution for Your Application
When exploring opportunities for automation, it helps to partner with an expert who understands the wide variety of solutions available, from simple components to complex robotic systems. Are you undecided as to whether an automated system, a robot or cobot or a combined approach is best for your business? We can help you choose the technology that best meets your application requirements. Contact JHFOSTER today to find the most efficient and effective solution for your operation.
